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Results Arnhem

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Bread survey.

Hannie Pelleboer-Beuker
 

General information.
 

Number of lists: 18. (7 lists have been filled in by men, 11 lists by women)
Ages of interviewees: 4 people between 70 and 80
10 people between 60 and 70
4 people between 50 and 60
Professions: Most of interviewees had higher vocational education and some had an academic background.

 
Places of birth: 10 people were from the western part of The Netherlands
2 from the central part of the country and
5 from the northern part
1 person was born in Indonesia (former Dutch colony Nederlands-India)


Question 1. Sorts of bread.

a. In the Netherlands most people had white and occasionally wheat bread in their childhood.White bread usually consisted of just flour with water. In some cases people had currant bread and rarely rolls.

b. When people were asked – which bread do you prefer? – they answered wheat bread or wholemeal bread. Most people like eating wholemeal bread. Many campaigns have been held against white bread because it can lead to constipation and it is less healthy.

c. About eating other kinds of bread from other countries – 4 people hardly ever eat bread from other countries, the others like French baguettes (very popular), Turkish bread (there are many Turkish bakers in Holland), German leavened bread (sour-dough bread) or the Italian ciabatta. French bread is often eaten with a hot meal or soup.

Question 2. The value of bread in people’s lives.

a. What is the value of bread in people’s lives?
People value bread very much firstly because of the unrivalled nutritional value.
Secondly: bread can easily be taken with you for lunch, for a picnic or while travelling.

b. Can people live without bread?
People in western society cannot live without bread. In Asian countries rice is essential (it must be cooked first).

Question 3. Availability or shortage of bread.

Many things have changed during this last decade and this is for the greater part the effect of WWII. In the past the baker called on people daily – they didn’t have to go to the baker’s shop and had fresh bread every day.
Every interviewee mentioned WWII and referred to the big shortage of bread. People were half starved and travelled from the western part of the country, where the big cities were, to the eastern part just to get some bread and they even exchanged precious goods for bread.
The farmers had little bread themselves because they were checked by the occupying forces after they had harvested the crops. Farmers were only allowed to keep a very small part for themselves. (Usually they kept back more corn than was allowed.)
This period of WWII and in particular the winter of starvation will never be forgotten by the senior citizens and stories about their hardship will be told to the next generations.