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marked are the following characteristics:

• “Independent choice of subject by the researcher (learner), irrespective if he became aware of the issue through own work, consultation, discussion or observation;
• Indepndent “strategy“, especially the decision concerning th selection of methods, testing, researches etc., the researcher receives advice, but is not protected from making errors;
• Unlimited risk of mistakes on the one hand, the opportunity for discoveries by chance, “fruitful moments“ or unexpected secondary results on the other hand;
• Necessity to keep up with the demands of science, this means, perseverance in the research aim with staying power and logical consequence up to obtaining a result (positive or negative); adequate testing of the given knowledge and problem-solving instruments (...);
• Testing of the results, concerning their dependence upon hypothesis and mthods;
• dThe task of presenting the achieved result in such a way, so that it‘s meaning is clear and the way it was obtained verifiable.
  (cf. BAK 1970)

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